# Metaphysics
|  | **Metaphysics** is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality. This includes the first principles of: being or existence, identity, change, space and time, cause and effect, necessity, actuality, and possibility. |
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| | wikipedia:: [Metaphysics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics) |
> [!summary]- Wikipedia Synopsis
> **Metaphysics** is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality. This includes the first principles of: being or existence, identity, change, space and time, cause and effect, necessity, actuality, and possibility.Metaphysics is considered one of the four main branches of philosophy, along with epistemology, logic, and ethics.
> It includes questions about the nature of consciousness and the relationship between mind and matter, between substance and attribute, and between potentiality and actuality.Metaphysics studies questions related to what it is for something to exist and what types of existence there are. Metaphysics seeks to answer, in an abstract and fully general manner, the questions of: What is it that exists; and What it is like.
## [[Physics]]
## [[Mathematics]]
- [[Philosophy of mathematics]]
- [[Plato]]
- [[Number]]
## Ontology & Concepts
- [[Ontology]]
- [[Idealism]]
- [[Perception]]
- [[Psychology]]
- Senses
- [[Transcendental idealism|Transcendental aesthetic]]
- [[Materialism]]
- [[Monad (philosophy)]]
- [[Monism]]
- [[Henology]]
- [[Epistemology]]
- [[Phenomenon]]
- [[Atom]]
- [[Property (philosophy)]]
- [[Existence|Being]]
- [[Power (physics)]]
- Force
- [[Energy]]
- [[Matter]]
- [[Tangible|Concrete]]
- [[Abstract]]
- [[Noumenon]] and [[Phenomenon]]
- [[Identity (philosophy)]]
- [[Haecceity]]
- [[Max Black]]
- Principle of the Identity of indiscernibles (PII)
- Principle of the indiscernability of identicals (PII)
- Black's identical spheres
- In his "The Identity of Indiscernibles", Black presents an objection to Leibniz' Law by means of a hypothetical scenario in which he conceives two distinct spheres having exactly the same properties, thereby contradicting Leibniz' second principle in his formulation of "The Identity of Indiscernibles". By virtue of there being two objects, albeit with identical properties, the existence of two objects, even in a void, denies their identicality.
- [[Similarity (philosophy)]]
- [[Subject-object distinction|Object]]
- [[Object-oriented Ontology]]
- [[Entity]]
- [[Universe]]
- [[Why is there anything at all]]
### [[Spacetime]]
- [[Time (concept)]]
- [[Spacetime]]
- Space / spatial
- [[Transcendental idealism|Transcendental aesthetic]]
## People
- [[Immanuel Kant]]
## Inbox
- [[Ship of Theseus]]
- [[Enso]]
- Nothing
- Everything
- Anything
- Something
- Infinity
- Existence
- Cosmos
- Physical constant
- Physical law
- Nature
- Bubble universe theory
- Multiverse
- Many worlds
- David Lewis
- Theoretical physics
- Theory of everything
- Holographic principle
- Simulation hypothesis