# Browser | ![img \|150](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Safari_15.png/320px-Safari_15.png) | A **Web browser** is an application for accessing websites and the Internet. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. In 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people have used a browser. The most used browser is Google Chrome, with a 65% global market share on all devices, followed by Safari with 18%. | | ---- | ---- | | | wikipedia:: [Web browser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser) | | | A **Browser engine** is a core software component of every major web browser. The primary job of a browser engine is to transform HTML documents and other resources of a web page into an interactive visual representation on a user's device. | | | wikipedia:: [Browser engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_engine) | aka:: Browser engine [[The Web|Web]] ## Hotkeys - New Tab - `Cmd-T` - Close Tab - `Cmd-W` - Pin tab - #to/do - Duplicate tab - `Ctrl-Opt-Cmd-D` - Next/previous tab group - `Cmd-Opt-Down|Up` - Move Tab to Window - New Window - `Cmd-N` - Close Window - `Shift-Cmd-W` - Close all|other Tabs - #to/do - Share - #to/do - New Folder - `Shift-Cmd-N` - Navigate back/forward - `Cmd-[|]` - Cycle Tabs back/forward (chronological) - `Ctrl-Tab|Shift-Ctrl-Tab` - Go To Next/Previous tab (spatial) - `Opt-Cmd-Right|Left` - Go to tab 1|9 - `Ctrl-1|9` - Reopen closed tab - `Shift-Cmd-T` - New Private Window - `Ctrl-Opt-Cmd-N` - Bookmark - `Cmd-D` - Bookmark All Tabs - Open Bookmarks - `Opt-Cmd-B` - Open history - `Cmd-Y` - Open Downloads - `Shift-Cmd-J` - Copy URL - `Shift-Cmd-C` - Copy URL as markdown - `Shift-Opt-C` - Copy URL as markdown with selected text - `Shift-Ctrl-C` - Open File - `Cmd-O` - Open Location (Focus URL bar) - `Cmd-L` - Find on page - `Cmd-F` - Open/hide sidebar - `Opt-B` - Show|hide Favorites Bar - `Shift-Cmd-B` - Show|hide URL Bar - `Shift-Opt-L` - Reading view - `Opt-Cmd-R` - Reload page - `Cmd-R` - Clear cache & Reload page (Force) - `Shift-Ctrl-R` - Clear Cookies Reload page (Force) - (Or Reload Without Content Blockers) - `Shift-Opt-R` - Reload Page From Origin? - Stop loading - `Cmd-.` - Zoom In|Out|Actual Size - `Cmd-+|-|0` - Developer - Open Developer Tools - `Cmd-Opt-I` - Inspect Elements - Open Console - Open Network Tab - Page Source - Cmd-Opt-U - [[Browser Extension|Browser Extensions]] - [[Readwise (tool)#Hotkeys]] ![[Readwise (tool)#Hotkeys]] - [[Raindrop (bookmarks tool)#Hotkeys]] ![[Raindrop (bookmarks tool)#Hotkeys]] - [[1Password#Hotkeys]] ![[1Password#Hotkeys]] ## Tools ### Browsers - [[Safari]] - [[Google Chrome]] - [[Firefox]] - [[Arc Browser]] - [[Brave (web browser)]] - [[Microsoft Edge]] #### [[Shell]] Browsers - [[w3m]] - Lynx - Links2 ### Developer Tools [[Browser Tools (Developer Tools)]] ### [[Browser Extension]] - [[Bookmarklet]] ### Bookmarks - [[Browser Extension]] - [[Bookmarklet]] #### Web, social, tagging, archiving, highlighting, annotating, archiving, saving (like Del.icio.us) - [[Readwise (tool)]] - [[Raindrop (bookmarks tool)]] - [[Pinboard (website)]] - [Crestify](https://www.crestify.com/) - [[Diigo]] - [[Hypothes.is]] - Good with or at least handles images well - Pocket? - [[Pinterest]] - personal Pinterest - snap shots ### Automation [[Automation]] - [[Browser Automation, Browser Testing, & Headless Browsers]]