# Ethics
|  | **Ethics** or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value; these fields comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology. |
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| | wikipedia:: [Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics) |
> [!summary]- Wikipedia Synopsis
> **Ethics** or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value; these fields comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology.Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual inquiry, moral philosophy is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.
> Three major areas of study within ethics recognized today are:
> Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determined;
> Normative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action;
> Applied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action.
## [[Metaethics]]
## [[Normative Ethics]]
- [[Normativity]]
- [[Consequentialism]]
- [[Codex/Academia/Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences/Philosophy/Utilitarianism]]
- [[Deontology]]
- [[Duty]]
- [[Care ethics]]
- [[Virtue Ethics]]
- [[Divine Command Theory]] (technically metaethics, not normative?)
## [[Applied Ethics]]
- [[Practical philosophy]]
## [[Moral Psychology]]
### [[Metaphor]]
- [[Strict father model]]
- [[Nurturant parent model]]
### [[Moral Foundations Theory]]
![[Moral Foundations Theory#Five or Six Foundations]]
## [[Value]], [[Value Theory]]
- [[Value pluralism]]
- [[Moral Syncretism]]
### [[Aesthetics]]
### [[Axiology]]
## Concepts
- **[[Fact-value Distinction]]**
- [[Naturalistic fallacy|Is-ought fallacy]]
- [[Normativity]] (ought)
- Reason to
- Act
- behave
- feel #to/expand
- [[Value]]
- [[Value Theory]]
- Commands
- Prohibitions
- Permissions
- Justification, imperiousness #to/expand
- [[Moral responsibility|Responsibility]]
- [[Accountability]]
- **Obligatory vs praiseworthy**
- Acts can be morally [[Obligation|obligatory]] vs morally praiseworthy
- Failing obligation implies [[Blame]], culpability, fault
- Whereas not doing something praiseworthy just means you didn't do something above and beyond.
- [[Tragedy of the Commons]]
- [[Rights]]
- [[Civil rights]]
- [[Human rights]]
- [[Natural Rights]]
- [[Ethical Code]], [[Principle]]
- Forward thinking vs backward thinking, as in [[Retributive justice]] vs deterrence #to/expand
- [[Life (concept)]]
- [[Reverence for Life]]
- [[Biophilia]]
- [[Politics]] & [[Sociology]]
- [[Political Philosophy]]
- [[Political correctness]]
- Equanimity #to/expand
- [[Guilt (emotion)]]
- [[Shame]]
- [[Moral absolutism]]
- [[Banality of Evil]]
- [[Descriptive Ethics]]
- [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] [[Form of life (philosophy)|Forms of life]]
- [[Matthew Arnold]] - [[Sweetness and light]]
- [[Iris Murdoch]] - [[Understanding|Being understanding]]
- [[For Iris Murdoch, Being Understanding Is Life’s Moral Project]]
- [[Irony]], wit, [[Satire]], [[Humor]], [[Absurdism]]
- [[Humor, Absurdism, Irony]]
- Seriousness, principled, stoic vs play, danger, humor, etc.
- [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]
- [[Diogenes]]
- [[Existentialism]], [[Aesthetics]]
- [[Virtue]]
- [[Vice]]
- [[Stoicism]]
- [[Epicureanism]]
- [[Hedonism]]
- [[Objectivism]]
### Rational/analytical/objective/individualistic/quantitative
- [[Deontology]]
- [[Consequentialism]]
- [[Justice]]
- [[Fairness]]
- [[Law]]
- [[Rule]]
- [[Normativity|Norm]]
- [[Luck]]
- [[Moral luck]]
- [[False accusation]]
- [[Hypocrisy]]
- [[Egalitarianism|Equality]]
- [[Choice]]
- [[Social contract]] (contractarianism)
- [[Consent]] (agreement)
- [[Consensus]]
- [[Democracy]], [[Voting]]
- [[Arrow's Impossibility Theorem]]
- [[Free Will]], [[Compatibilism]]
- Fine print, terms of service
- legalism, legalistic, life as court of law and lawyerly reasoning and perception
- [[Legitimation|Legitimacy]], [[Authenticity]]
- [[Power (physics)]], [[Authority]]
- [[Quantification (science)|Quantitative]]
- impersonal, uniform, impartial, simplicity and elegance
- [[Punishment]], [[Retributive justice]], [[Discipline]]
### Sympathetic/compassionate/collective/social/relational/generative/creative/qualitative
- [[Care ethics]]
- [[Virtue Ethics]]
- [[Altruism (ethics)]]
- [[Sentience]]
- [[Suffering, Discomfort]]
- [[We might well consider the proper form of address to be, not Monsieur, Sir, mein Herr, but my fellow-sufferer, Soci malorum, compagnon de miseres!|Soci malorum]]
- [[Divine grace|Grace]]
- [[Empathy]]
- [[Forgiveness]]
- "Be the bigger man"
- Sympathy
- [[Compassion]]
- Generosity
- [[Moral Circle Expansion]]
- Getting on same team
- Camraderie
- fraternity #to/expand
- [[Identity (philosophy)]]
- [[Common good]]
- [[Beneficence (ethics)]]
- Reason/justice analysis a la [[Carol Gilligan]] and [[Nel Noddings]] critiques
- When there is poverty of impetus or nothing indicating response, reaction, redress, etc. - what is the justification/rationale for action? - Creative, generative/generous, altruism. #to/expand
- non-justice-based ideas - not reactive. Proactive, not reconciling but creating, putting in the world, etc.
- extend an olive branch
- faith-like, non-rational, altruism, beneficent actions, generosity, grace
- generation, creation of good
- [[Pay it forward]]
- leave the world a better place than you found it
- leave no trace
- [[Against the ruin of the world, there is only one defense—the creative act.]]
- [[Entropy]]
- [[Quality (philosophy)|Qualitative]]
- particularity, embededness, partisan, partial, stakes, personal, complexity and ornateness, baroqueness, a la Alan Watts, prickles and goo #to/expand
## [[Religion]]
### [[Religious ethics & values]]
### [[Christianity]]
#### [[Christian Ethics & Values]]
### [[Islam]]
#### [[Islamic Ethics]]
## People
- [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]
- [[Jeremy Bentham]]
- [[John Stuart Mill]]
- [[Immanuel Kant]]
- [[Aristotle]]
- [[Plato]]
- [[Carol Gilligan]]
- [[Nel Noddings]]
- [[Simone de Beauvoir]]
- [[Hannah Arendt]]
- [[John Rawls]]
- [[James Giles (philosopher)]]
- [[Iris Murdoch]]
## Topics
[[Racism]]
- [[Abortion]]
- [[Intergenerational justice]]
- [[Climate Change]]
- [[Economic Inequality]]
## Inbox
- [[Moral disengagement]]
- [[Reciprocity]]
- [[Openness]]
- [[Alignment (Dungeons & Dragons)]]
- [[Business Ethics]]