URL & URI
| The Urluia is a right tributary of the Danube in Romania. Its length is 98 km (61 mi) and its basin size is 1,346 km2 (520 sq mi). It passes through Lake Vederoasa and flows into the Danube near Rasova. It flows along the villages Mereni, Miriștea, Osmancea, Ciobănița, Credința, Plopeni, Conacu, Negrești, Curcani, Petroșani, Șipotele, Zorile, Urluia, Aliman and Vlahii. | |
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| wikipedia:: Urluia |
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform\_Resource\_Identifier
- Syntax
- scheme://authority/path?query#fragment
- Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters.
- Scheme
- Protocol: HTTP://
- The Web: Either HTTP or HTTPS
- Not officially The Web: mailto, FTP, etc.
- Protocol: HTTP://
- Authority: evanharmon.com
- hostname/domain or IP address
- Domain Name
- omnioutliner:///open?row=oW_nj-k5o5q
- Domain Name
- Optional: :ports
- usually omitted if the web server uses the standard ports of the HTTP protocol (80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS) to grant access to its resources. Otherwise it is mandatory.
- Optional: userinfo@host or userinfo@host:ports
- Optional:
- IP6 addresses need to be in []
- hostname/domain or IP address
- Path: /about
- In the early days of the Web, a path like this represented a physical file location on the Web server. Nowadays, it is mostly an abstraction handled by Web servers without any physical reality.
- Slug: /very_last_folder
- Term to refer to the final segment of the path
- So, not fragments, or queries, just the very last directory of the path?
- Query Parameter: ?first-name=Evan&last-name=Harmon v
- Fragment: #contactme
- aka “anchor”
- optional
- an anchor to another part of the resource itself. An anchor represents a sort of "bookmark" inside the resource, giving the browser the directions to show the content located at that "bookmarked" spot. On an HTML document, for example, the browser will scroll to the point where the anchor is defined
- on a video or audio document, the browser will try to go to the time the anchor represents.
- the part after the #, aka the “fragment identifier”, is never sent to the server with the request.
- Not sent to the server, purely exists in browser
- If there are query parameters, fragment follows parameters
- e.g. #contactme going to a section heading via id attribute that the browser will scroll to
- scheme://authority/path?query#fragment
- Example Schemes
- aka protocol?
- HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, mailto, jdbc, file, data, irc, ldap, news, tel, telnet, urn
- URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
- A particular type of URI, but often used interchangeably
- http part is the protocol
- www.google.com part is the hostname
- and /about.html part is the path or file name
- Defined by Tim Berners Lee
- Berners-Lee later expressed regret at the use of dots to separate the parts of the domain name within URIs, wishing he had used slashes throughout, and also said that, given the colon following the first component of a URI, the two slashes before the domain name were unnecessary.
- Percent-encoding (URL encoding) ^Programming
- Absolute vs Relative URLs
- Relative URLs
- some/path
- URL does not start with /, the browser will attempt to find the document in a sub-directory of the one containing the current resource.
- ../../some/path
- Go up 2 directories in the tree and then go to /some/path
- some/path
- Relative URLs
- IRI
- Internationalized Resource Identifier
- URN
- Rarely seen, designed as complement to URLs for naming things like ISBN# and namespaces versus how/where a resource is located which would be its URL
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